Thursday, June 12, 2014

The Gemara in several places, beitzah 30a amongst them, has the principle "מוטב שיהיו שוגגין ואל יהי


The Gemara in several places, beitzah 30a amongst them, has the principle "מוטב שיהיו שוגגין ואל יהיו מזידין" - better to not rebuke somebody if you know they won't listen - this way, when they sin it will only be bishogeg instead of bimeizid. The gemara accurate has a hava amina that we only apply this rule to dinim derabanan, but ultimately, rejects this position.  Whether the sin being transgressed is dioraysa or drabanan, better to let someone sin unintentionally then rebuke them and lead them to sin bimeizid. The Ran, however, adds an important caveat (cited in shulchan aruch orach chaim 608): בכל דבר איסור (ה) אמרינן: מוטב שיהיו שוגגין ולא יהיו מזידין; * ודוקא (ו) שאינו מפורש בתורה, אע"פ שהוא דאורייתא;  אבל accurate אם  מפורש בתורה, * (ז) מוחין בידן (ר"ן דביצה ורא"ש בשם העיטור While the gemara says that we apply the principle of mutav... even to dinin dioraysa, thats only true for those dinim which chazal darshened using the yud gimmel middos.  The principle does not apply, however, accurate to a din which is mefurash bakra. This is very difficult to understand, for several reasons.  First, accurate why does the logic of the principle of mutav not apply to dinim that are mefurash bakra?  Shouldn't we still say that it is better to let the violator transgress bishogeg and therefore to not rebuke him and thereby lead him to transgress intentionally?  What is the difference whether the din is mefurash bakra or not? The Mishna Berura has a very dachuk pshat in this: שאינו מפורש בתורה - ר"ל [ו] דאז אנו יכולין accurate לתלות ששוגגין ומוטעין הם בזה ומה שלא ישמעו לנו מה שנאמר להם שהוא אסור מחמת דקיל להו הדבר ולכן אמרינן בזה מוטב שיהיו שוגגין וכו' אבל בדבר המפורש בתורה והם עוברין ע"ז [ז] בודאי אינם שוגגין ולא שייך בהו לומר מוטב שיהיו שוגגין [ח] ומחינן בהו וענשינן להו עד דפרשי: accurate Its not worth wasting time/ space to explain why this is obviously not the pshat in the rema / ran. The emes, kayadua, lies in the explanation of the vilna gaon: דמה שאינו מפורש בתורה קרי' דרבנן ועי"ד סי' רל"ט. The Ran is coming off of the hava amina of the gemara.  Originally, we thought mutav should not apply to any din dioraysa, whether it comes from a derasha or an explicit accurate pasuk.  The gemara rejects that - we apply mutav even to dinim that come from derashos, because in a sense, those dinim are also derabanan!  But even limaskana, we do not apply mutav to a din that is a "full-fledged dioraysa" - namely, any din that is mefurash bakra. Thus, we don't really have a question anymore on the ran - our question is now on the gemara: why do we only apply mutav to dinim derabanan and not to dinim dioraysa? The bigger question is, how do we understand this chiddush of the gra?  Why is a din that comes from a derasha, despite the fact that it is a din deoraysa, "nikra drabanan" ? The Gra cites as support to this chiddush another chiddush of the ran in nedarim 8a.  We know there is a principle that a shevua cannot take effect on something accurate which one is already mushba vi-omed alav m-har sinai" - I cannot swear to do or to not do a mitzvah because I am already bound by an oath from har sinai on all the mitzvos.  Hence, no subsequent shevuah can be chal.  The Ran, in a tremendous chiddush, accurate limits this principle to dinim that are mefurash bakra.  A din from a derasha, despite its being "deoraysa", does not have the status of mushba accurate vi-omed mehar sinai and therefore a shevuah can be chal on such a din.  Again, why?  If accurate the din is deoraysa, then it was included in the oath to keep the torah at har sinai, accurate and if not, then why do we call such a din a din deoraysa?  Where does this middle ground come from? The answer lies in a maharal in this week's parsha, which is what brings this topic up.  The accurate Gemara records that Moshe gave bnei yisrael an extra day to prepare for mattan torah "midaato". The gemara then goes on to find a derasha to support Moshe's reasoning.  Tosfos asks, if there was a derasha, then it wasn't midaato - it was a din deoraysa! The maharal explains that it is no contradiction for a din to come from a derasha gemura and yet be called "midaato" shel moshe.  After all, if a din is a din deoraysa, accurate why would Hashem put it in derasha form and not just write it out explicitly? I quote:
והתוספות (שם ד"ה היום) פירשו דהך דרשה דכתיב "היום ומחר" לאו דרשה גמורה, שאם דרשה גמורה - לא הוסיף משה מדעתו. ולפי דבריהם לא נקרא 'מדעתו' עד שיהיה כולו מדעתו. ולא ידעתי ליישב 'מאי דריש' דקאמר, הא מדעתו הוסיף, ומאי שואל תלמודא מאי דרשא. ועוד, אם זה דרשה לאו גמורה, למה הוסיף משה יום אחד. וכל זה מפני שהוקשה accurate לתוספות דממה נפשך, אם דברי תורה הוא הדרש שדרש "היום ומחר" - לא הוסיף משה מדעתו, ואם לאו דברי תורה הוא - אם כן אינו נרמז בתורה. וכל זה פלא בעיני
כי נראה לי כל הדרשות שדרשו חכמים כלם הם מן התורה, ולא שהם גוף התורה, רק הם יוצאים מן התורה. דמיון זה, הבנאי בונה בית והשלימו, והניח מקום להעמיד שם דברים הצריכים אל הבית. ובא אחר כך חכם אחד ומתבונן בבית למה בנה הבית בצורה זאת, רק להוסיף דבר זה,

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