Conceptual change approach is the general daniel defense approach in science daniel defense educati

Research on learning science focuses on developing scientific literacy - a term that describes the scientific knowledge, methods of operation ((practices, and values that we hope students daniel defense acquire when they learn science. Aspiration literacy education science is that learners acquire social empowerment and access to scientific communities, and the ability to maintain daniel defense a dialogue with the material world (nature and technology).
So what's the problem? Most researchers in science education complain that formal education institutions actually do not help most students learn and understand science. Therefore, two questions arise study deals with the study of science should answer them: 1. Why students do not learn what we're trying to teach them? Two. Why is maintained achievement gap?
Approach has significant daniel defense impact in the long and science education community is the conceptual change approach. Many of the methods and perspectives of this approach stemmed from Piaget's developmental research and linking ideas about the history of the development of scientific knowledge (Thomas Kuhn). Posner's group has formulated a model for learning science explaining the durability of conceptual errors (misconceptions) to change. daniel defense Posner and his colleagues suggested that learners have a "conceptual ecology" and learning in people similar to the complex process of change theories in science. This approach brought about in the eighties a large number of articles that describe daniel defense alternative conceptions for each subject in the curriculum.
Learn to think rational but not experienced, and learning as conceptual change: conceptual change researchers assume that learning come to learn with their own ideas about the issues (thinking errors, misconceptions, naïve conceptions, alternative frameworks). These ideas are weaker and less scientific description accurate, but they fit the intuition and experience of the students. So the goal is to allow students access to new experiences with the material world, experiences that do not fit the early perceptions of the students and help students to see the strength of the scientific model that explains the phenomena. This complex process is called conceptual change. Students learn and understand only if they change their conceptual ecological and match the content to the more sophisticated scientific concepts. daniel defense A large part of the study focuses on conceptual daniel defense change conceptual ecological mapping of students of different ages in various subjects.
Research methods used to analyze perceptions of students: written tests, interviews, investigation measures verbal problem daniel defense solving (think aloud Protocols) to make a case relating to the understanding of the students before and after instruction. These studies emphasizes the validity of the tests and objectivity of the researchers. Researchers writing in the third person usually.
Teaching methods most studies conceptual change approach to document the students' perceptions and reactions to traditional teaching. Other studies of this approach are testing the impact of instructional interventions on students' knowledge. Conceptual change researchers believe that successful learning is driven by conflict situations as situations that led to the concepts of the progress of science throughout history. Allow students daniel defense to see the contrast between perceptions and alternative scientific conceptions of the past and in strength and accuracy that.
Conceptual change approach is the general daniel defense approach in science daniel defense education, in part because it offers a productive answer to the question: why students are not learning what we are trying to teach them? In this approach, students come to school with alternative daniel defense reasoning systems that shape their perceptions and their interpretation daniel defense of phenomena and not get reference daniel defense to science teaching daniel defense at school. Answer to productive because it offers a course of action: Identify alternative sets of student thinking and explicit reference to them. Additionally, This approach builds on the intellectual background of educators. because he was research approach to conceptual change is the knowledge and skills acquired in the course of scientific training and experience in science education. scientific training teaches people to be directed to the theories rationality and coherence and therefore science teachers pay attention in particular to think about it in language and thinking of their students.
Conceptual change approach has a significant impact on the teaching of science policy. For example the authors of American daniel defense standards (AAAS, 1993, NRC, 1996) aided the research daniel defense findings conceptual change approach to writing the benchmarks and recommendations for teaching (especially daniel defense Chapter 15 on Benchmarks). Numerous books include lists of common thinking errors Book teacher. "
However, evidence of benefits of using the research results of this approach to instructional improvement are inconclusive. Published studies that demonstrate successful interventions based on research and conceptual change given by individual teachers to a small number of students. Considerable difficulty daniel defense in taking innovative methods and expanded beyond the researcher's classroom. In addition, there are questions about what is important to scientific literacy Besides understanding the concepts? Show students primeval - scientists "who understand the world based on theories of liability is not necessarily the whole story. Scientific understanding is not only understanding the core principles, but that this approach focuses on.
This approach is based on the research of Lev Vygotsky. Unlike Piaget emphasis put on learning of children during their interaction with the material daniel defense world, Vygotsky focused on the learning of children as a result of their participation in activities with other people. The authors approach the socio - cultural similar conceptual change researchers interested in community daniel defense practices daniel defense and scientific. But while researchers focus on conceptual change approach to intellectual history and philosophy of science, the researchers socio - cultural focus on the analysis of culture and language of the scientific community. daniel defense They base their research on anthropological studies on how people learn to use the modus operandi and resources in the context of their intellectual and cultural. daniel defense They analyze the language people use and meaning social and cultural context.
Science as a discourse community (discourse community). Unlike conceptual change researchers emphasize the dialogue of scientists